New and used RAM cargo vans for sale near Harmony, NY
-





$61,735
MSRP $61,735
Est. $1,137/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular unleade
- Stock #
- T0558
- VIN
- 3C6MRVJGXTE207112
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Lane Departure Warning
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -





$27,487
Est. $506/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular gasolin
- Stock #
- 15714P
- VIN
- 3C6LRVDG2PE605752
Features
- Convenience
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -





$58,665
MSRP $58,665
Est. $1,080/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular unleade
- Stock #
- T0399
- VIN
- 3C6LRVDG9TE173882
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Tow Hitch
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -





$53,790
MSRP $53,790
Est. $990/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular unleade
- Stock #
- T0378
- VIN
- 3C6LRVAG7TE192001
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -





$62,165
MSRP $62,165
Est. $1,145/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular unleade
- Stock #
- T0492
- VIN
- 3C6MRVJG9TE193218
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -





$51,070
MSRP $51,070
Est. $940/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular gasolin
- Stock #
- T0578
- VIN
- 3C6LRVNG6TE211941
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -
-





$58,505
MSRP $58,505
Est. $1,077/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular unleade
- Stock #
- T0491
- VIN
- 3C6LRVDG7TE192897
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Tow Hitch
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -





$42,135
MSRP $52,135
Est. $776/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular unleade
- Stock #
- R0472
- VIN
- 3C6LRVBG9RE132051
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Tow Hitch
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -





$49,675
MSRP $51,675
Est. $915/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular unleaded, engine
- Stock #
- R0507
- VIN
- 3C6LRVBG6RE124960
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -





$48,840
MSRP $48,840
Est. $899/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular gasolin
- Stock #
- T0039
- VIN
- 3C6LRVNG5TE159766
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -





$45,035
MSRP $53,035
Est. $829/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular unleaded, engine
- Stock #
- R0541
- VIN
- 3C6LRVCG8RE123193
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -





$58,280
MSRP $58,280
Est. $1,073/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular unleade
- Stock #
- T0322
- VIN
- 3C6LRVDG5TE189254
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -
-





$41,780
Est. $769/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular unleade
- Stock #
- R0574
- VIN
- 3C6LRVBGXRE127943
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -





$44,775
Est. $824/mo Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular gasolin
- Stock #
- R0573
- VIN
- 3C6LRVBG1RE127944
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Tow Hitch
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Humes Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM -
$47,453
Est. $874/mo Ed Shults Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Subaru of Warren
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC
- Stock #
- WE6020
- VIN
- 3C6LRVNG5TE162165
Features
- Convenience
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Ed Shults Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Subaru of Warren -
$54,606
Est. $1,005/mo Ed Shults Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Subaru of Warren
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC
- Stock #
- WE6176
- VIN
- 3C6LRVDG5TE211897
Features
- Convenience
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Ed Shults Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Subaru of Warren -





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC
- Stock #
- 37021
- VIN
- 3C6LRVNG2VE557438
Features
- Convenience
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Miller Motors -





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Electric
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Electric
- Stock #
- 109804
- VIN
- 3C6MRWAZ9RE109804
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- LED Headlights
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
Dealer
Recharged -
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC
- Stock #
- U1119
- VIN
- 3C6LRVVG8SE542874
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Joe Basil Chevrolet -





$30,795
Est. $567/mo Montrose Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed 948TE Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V VVT
- Stock #
- 5D0314A
- VIN
- 3C6LRVDGXRE100500
Features
- Convenience
- Keyless Entry
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Montrose Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram -





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed 948TE Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V VVT
- Stock #
- 7U0607
- VIN
- 3C6LRVVG2SE542675
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Navigation System
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Montrose Nissan -





$31,734
Est. $584/mo Transitowne Dodge Chrysler Jeep RAM of West Seneca
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC
- Stock #
- E9894P
- VIN
- 3C6LRVVGXSE526823
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Transitowne Dodge Chrysler Jeep RAM of West Seneca -





$29,955
Est. $552/mo Towne Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed 948TE Automatic
- Engine
- Pentastar 3.6L V-6 DOHC, variable valve control, regular unleade
- Stock #
- 31202A
- VIN
- 3C6LRVBG8RE144241
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Roof Rack
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Towne Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram -





$26,446
Est. $487/mo Roth Cadillac Audi Erie
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed 948TE Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V VVT
- Stock #
- P8076A
- VIN
- 3C6LRVDGXPE552850
Features
- Convenience
- Keyless Entry
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Roth Cadillac Audi Erie -





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC
- Stock #
- XP78428R
- VIN
- 3C6MRVJG8SE517693
Features
- Convenience
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Basil Resale Center -





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC
- Stock #
- XP78249
- VIN
- 3C6LRVDG6SE516758
Features
- Convenience
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Basil Resale Center -





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC
- Stock #
- U1118
- VIN
- 3C6LRVVG2SE524581
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Joe Basil Chevrolet -





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC
- Stock #
- U1108
- VIN
- 3C6LRVVG8SE517053
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Joe Basil Chevrolet -





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC
- Stock #
- U1107
- VIN
- 3C6LRVVG7SE516198
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Joe Basil Chevrolet -





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Gray
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Diesel
- Transmission
- 6-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.0L I4 16V DDI DOHC Turbo Diesel
- Stock #
- SA78910A
- VIN
- 3C6TRVDD2FE500259
Features
- Entertainment
- USB Port
- Safety
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
Dealer
Basil Resale Center -
About RAM
Which RAM vehicle has the best MPG?
The hybrid RAM 1500 can reach up to 20 MPG city and 25 MPG highway for a combined rating of 22 MPG. The RAM ProMaster City with traditional internal combustion engine offers up to 21 MPG city and 28 MPG highway for a combined rating of 24 MPG.
These figures are based on EPA mileage ratings and are for comparison purposes only. The actual mileage will vary depending on the selected vehicle model year, trim, driving conditions, driving habits, vehicle maintenance, and other factors.
Which RAM vehicle has the longest range?
The electric RAM ProMaster 3500 EV can travel up to 174 miles on a single charge depending on electric motor and battery options.
EPA-estimated range is the distance, or predicted distance, a new plug-in vehicle will travel on electric power before its battery charge is exhausted. Actual range will vary depending on model year, driving conditions, driving habits, elevation changes, weather, accessory usage (lights, climate control), vehicle condition and other factors.