Used SUVs for sale near Coldstream, KY
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Snow White Pearl
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 19-24
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.8L V6 DGI DOHC Dual CVVT
- Stock #
- S095881A
- VIN
- 5XYP5DHC5MG110242
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- HomeLink
- Premium Sound System
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Roof Rack
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Tow Hitch
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
- Third Row Seating
Dealer
Lexus of LouisvilleReviews
Lexus of Louisville review
Great sales rep and follow ups, very attentive prices are negotiable.if you have the time and not afraid of missing out on a vehicle a great deal probably will be had👍🏼
2021 Kia Telluride review
Bought this car as a retired couple to travel in. Lots of room for anything you need to carry while traveling or shopping. Also used to do day road trips with two more couples. Easy for us oldies to get in the second and third row seats, or go on outings with up to 7 people. Love the charging ports for everyone in the car. It has been a very dependable vehicle.
-





$29,331
Est. $530/mo Toyota of Louisville
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Bright White Clearcoat
- Int. color
- Global Black
- Drivetrain
- Four-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 2L I-4 direct injection, DOHC, intercooled turbo, premium gasoli
- Stock #
- 6111221
- VIN
- 1C4RJYE61N8724224
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Cooled Seats
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Premium Sound System
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Roof Rack
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Tow Hitch
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- LED Headlights
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
Dealer
Toyota of LouisvilleReviews
Toyota of Louisville review
I wish that my car shopping journey had begun here, because I would have been spared from the typical anxiety and frustration that most dealerships and slick car salesmen bring to the car-buying experience. My AWESOME TOYOTA salesman was Kevin Willis. Kevin demonstrated the Toyota customer service philosophy when I arrived 2-hours before the dealership closed, and even though his shift had ended, Kevin stopped to ask if I needed help. I was sold on TOYOTA of LOUISVILLE before I had even selected my new car, because of Kevin's professionalism, honesty and thorough knowledge of TOYOTA products. My experience at Toyota of Louisville was refreshing, and vastly different than my experience at another Toyota Dealership. If you're shopping for a TOYOTA product, begin your search with TOYOTA of Louisville, and you'll understand what I'm talking about. TOYOTA OF LOUISVILLE is a 5-star business, with 5-star customer service and 5-star TOYOTA professionals.
2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee 4xe review
I have had several hybrid SUVs, Lexus and Mercedes, and this is at the top of the list for me. The hybrid drive is seamless, smooth, and responsive at all speeds. This is the largest hybrid SUV I have owned and yet, it is the most fuel efficient. Amazing mileage around town (50+ mpg) and highway cruising with the little 4-cylinder is very efficient. At highway speeds the transmission keeps the small internal combustion engine from working too hard but when power is needed for passing the combination of torque from the electric power plant along with the turbocharger provides instant responsiveness. Inside, the SUV is roomy and luxurious. The finishes benefit from the Italian roots of the owners to provide a beautiful harmony of design with soft supple leather and rich hardwood trim. The electronics work extremely well from the MacIntosh sound system to the driver assist and lane-keeping features that virtually drive the vehicle for you. The seat air conditioning and built-in massagers make even long driving trips relaxing. Yes, there have been some recalls, expected in an early edition of a new model. The only negative has been in servicing the recalls. Jeep dealers are still basically just old Chrysler/Plymouth/Dodge operations that are not prepared to handle high-end vehicles and the customers they attract. Too few technicians, and poor scheduling between the service writers and the shop. The service waiting areas are designed for truck drivers not owners of luxury automobiles. Stellantis may have upgraded the vehicles to a much higher level but their achilles heel is the dealer service network.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Hunter Green
- Int. color
- Teak/Light Shale
- Drivetrain
- Four-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 10-Speed Automatic with Overdrive
- Engine
- EcoTec3 6.2L V8
- Stock #
- C164053A
- VIN
- 1GKS2DKL4MR236206
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Cooled Seats
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Roof Rack
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
- Third Row Seating
Dealer
Lexus of LouisvilleReviews
Lexus of Louisville review
I have to say, buying a new vehicle has never been this enjoyable! From the moment I walked through the door, I was treated with warmth, professionalism, and genuine care — and that made all the difference. Khol, my salesman, was absolutely phenomenal. He took the time to truly listen to what I was looking for, never once making me feel pressured or rushed. His knowledge of the vehicles was impressive, and he walked me through every feature and option with patience and enthusiasm. Khol has a natural ability to make you feel like a valued customer rather than just another sale. He made the selection process fun, stress-free, and exciting — exactly how buying a new vehicle should feel! Once we moved into the finance office, Jeanni continued that same incredible experience. She was thorough, transparent, and incredibly easy to work with. Jeanni explained every detail of the paperwork clearly and made sure I fully understood everything before signing. There were no surprises, no confusing fine print — just honest, straightforward communication. Her warm personality and efficiency turned what is typically the most stressful part of the car-buying process into a completely smooth and comfortable experience. Together, Khol and Jeanni are a dream team. Their professionalism, positivity, and dedication to the customer created an experience I will not soon forget. If you’re in the market for a new vehicle, I cannot recommend them highly enough. This was, without a doubt, the best car-buying experience I have ever had. I will absolutely be returning — and sending everyone I know their way! 10 out of 10 — thank you, Khol and Jeanni!
2021 GMC Yukon review
I have enjoyed my vehicle. It is comfortable and drives very well. I like the color also. It is very roomy, takes off fast and the safety features are very beneficial.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Gun Metallic
- Int. color
- Graphite
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 20-28
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic CVT
- Engine
- 3.5L V6 24V MPFI DOHC
- Stock #
- 8H26600A
- VIN
- 5N1AZ2CS2MC134091
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Bluetooth®
- CD Player
- Premium Sound System
- Satellite Radio
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Safety
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
Dealer
Hyundai of LouisvilleReviews
Hyundai of Louisville review
Jacobi took his time explaining features of my new Santa Fe but never pressured me. My time was not wasted and I am very happy with my purchase and Hyundai of Louisville's customer service and support.
2021 Nissan Murano review
My second Murano and still having an excellent owner experience. Easy and comfortable to drive with a suspension that is both comfortable and well handling with the 20 inch tires. The electronic safety equipment works very well and now I wouldn’t want to be without it. Overall a wonderful and utilitarian vehicle that’s well built and comfortable.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Infrared Tintcoat
- Int. color
- Light Platinum / Jet Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 24-30
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 2.0L I4 16V GDI DOHC Turbo
- Stock #
- P6223
- VIN
- 1GYAZAR47MF009166
Features
- Convenience
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Lane Departure Warning
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
Dealer
Shelbyville Chrysler ProductsReviews
Shelbyville Chrysler Products review
Not a pushy bunch. Sales folk seemed decent but I only worked with one. Just be aware of the typical dealer antics. They will work with you to get you the car you can get, which may surprise you
2021 Cadillac XT4 review
We've had three Cadillac SRXs and a CTS coupe. We decided to get the XT4 Sport. It has met every aspect of what we were looking for. Better pickup for passing. Much better mpg, averaging 27 mpg. Let down is that it uses premium gas. We have taken a moderately long trip, and it performed flawlessly, handling well at interstate speeds. So glad to have a much better infotainment system than previous models. So many more bells and whistles than this couple will ever use. We are easy to please with simplicity in thought over gadgets. We could not be more pleased. And to note. I'm not an easy pushover on just anything I buy.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Black Metallic
- Int. color
- Ebony
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 21-28
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 2.0L I4 16V GDI DOHC Turbo
- Stock #
- P5992B
- VIN
- 2FMPK4J93RBA43896
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Power Liftgate
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
Dealer
Shelbyville Chrysler ProductsReviews
Shelbyville Chrysler Products review
Iyas did a fantastic job helping me with my purchase. No Games, Straight forward. Thank you!
2024 Ford Edge review
7 Ford Edges and the 2024 is rock solid yet quiet and great performance. Everyone wants to use the Edge when we go anywhere. The controls are easy to use for non distracted driving. Long road trips are un eventful and tires last forever. Loading space in the rear is flat easy and lots of space. Good visibility and safe.
-





$17,669
Est. $319/mo Shelbyville Chrysler Products
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Summit White
- Int. color
- Medium Ash Gray
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 26-31
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 6-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 1.5L I4 16V GDI DOHC Turbo
- Stock #
- P6077
- VIN
- 3GNAXHEG9PL202375
Features
- Convenience
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Premium Sound System
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
Dealer
Shelbyville Chrysler ProductsReviews
Shelbyville Chrysler Products review
Joe was very helpful with our purchase. He was knowledgeable about the vehicle and purchasing process. It was a very pleasant experience and my daughter loves her new car.
2023 Chevrolet Equinox review
The equinox is very nice for the price. My biggest complaint is has a horrible suspension. I even lowered air pressure in the tires below the recommended pressure and the ride was no better. You feel every little bump in the pavement.
-





$27,399
Est. $495/mo Bill Collins Ford Lincoln
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- AGATE BLACK METALLIC
- Int. color
- EBNY PART VNYL/CLTH&RED STI
- Transmission
- 8-SPD AUTO TRANSMISSION
- Engine
- 1.5L ECOBOOST W/START-STOP
- Stock #
- UP3672
- VIN
- 1FMCU9MN1RUA16818
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Remote Start
- Exterior
- Sunroof/Moonroof
Dealer
Bill Collins Ford LincolnReviews
Bill Collins Ford Lincoln review
Excellent salesperson who found choices for me that included everything that I wanted. Also, good explanation was provided about new features of my car. This service will help me choose to return to the Bill Collins dealership.
2024 Ford Escape review
I’ve had extreme trouble getting into and out of the vehicle because the floor is so deep to the door. I now have a permanently injured knee. The doors don’t open wide enough for my knee that doesn’t bend completely. That causes me discomfort. Senior people can’t always bend their joints enough to get into and out of this vehicle. But I do love how it handles and also the great features.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Mocha
- Int. color
- Ebony
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 21-29
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 2.0L I4
- Stock #
- P086738A
- VIN
- 5LMCJ2D99MUL20729
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Entertainment
- Bluetooth®
- HomeLink
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Memory Seat
Dealer
Lexus of LouisvilleReviews
2021 Lincoln Corsair review
I'm 6'1" - I would like a bit more space in front Brakes don't sound right; dealership said they are fine, but make a noise when braking (at times)
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Magnetic Gray Metallic
- Int. color
- Black/Graphite
- Drivetrain
- Four-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 16-19
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 4L V-6 DOHC, VVT-i variable valve control, regular gasoline, eng
- Stock #
- T62443A
- VIN
- JTERU5JR9P6165599
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- HomeLink
- Premium Sound System
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Tow Hitch
- Tow Hooks
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- LED Headlights
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
Dealer
Oxmoor ToyotaReviews
Oxmoor Toyota review
Trey was the salesman that sold me my car. This was my first car shopping experience and he made the process extremely easy and didn?t give me the run around like most dealerships would have! He was very considerate and I really appreciate how he goes out of his way to make sure the customer is happy, and getting their money?s worth! I feel that if I had any other salesman I would not have got the same results and satisfaction of my vehicle.
2023 Toyota 4Runner review
We chose the 2023 4Runner Limited because of it's reliable 1GR V6 engine and the simple, tried and true, 5 speed transmission. And NO turbo! The interior is detailed and attractive with clearly reachable buttons and knobs for climate, radio, and touchscreen. The ride is much better than described in many reviews. We find that it is similar to our former GMC Yukon. The one downside is it's fuel mileage. In real world daily driving we're getting 18-19 mpg around town and 19-21 on the highway. Our Highlander gets 21-22 mpg in town and 24mpg on the highway. This is our 4th 4Runner so we know what to expect. Our 2004 is still on the road with 278,000 miles; going strong.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Silver Sky Metallic
- Int. color
- Ash
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 23-30
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 2.5L I-4 DOHC, VVT-i variable valve control, regular gasoline, e
- Stock #
- U34290
- VIN
- 2T3WFREV4GW262787
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Entertainment
- Bluetooth®
- Premium Sound System
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
Dealer
Oxmoor ToyotaReviews
Oxmoor Toyota review
I am a loyal, repeat customer of Oxmoor Toyota because my experiences have always been positive. The sales team and the service team have always been great.
2016 Toyota RAV4 review
We absolutely love our Rav 4! In fact, we’re planning on buying another one soon! Best vehicle we’ve ever owned except for the dealership we bought it from. We’re definitely buying from another dealership when we buy a new one. This one was used with pretty low miles but the dealership treated us horribly. The radio and entertainment system broke the first week after we bought it and the brakes started squealing. Also the tires they put on were the cheapest tires on the market so it’s not as good in the snow as it could be if it had good tires on it. Otherwise, it’s a phenomenal vehicle. Wouldn’t hesitate to buy one. We absolutely love it!!!
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Carbonized Gray Metallic
- Int. color
- Ebony
- Drivetrain
- Four-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 18-24
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 10-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.0L V6 24V GDI DOHC Twin Turbo
- Stock #
- F16728A
- VIN
- 1FM5K8GC5PGB05354
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Start
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Tow Hitch
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
- Third Row Seating
Dealer
Oxmoor FordReviews
2023 Ford Explorer review
Apple play used to connect but no longer does. Didn’t notice passenger door wasn’t installed properly until I took a road trip and the noise!!! Drivers side arm rest squeaks as though it’s about to come apart. Very noisy engine over 40 mph.
-
$35,644
New 2027 Honda CR-V EX
$52,095
New 2027 Honda Passport TrailSport Elite
$40,482
New 2027 Honda CR-V Hybrid TrailSport AWD
$41,084
New 2027 Honda CR-V Hybrid Sport-L AWD
$56,000
New 2027 Honda Passport TrailSport
$56,770
New 2026 Ford Bronco Base
$50,768
New 2026 Toyota RAV4 Plug-In Hybrid XSE
$42,429
New 2027 Honda CR-V Hybrid Sport Touring AWD
$38,337
New 2027 Honda CR-V Hybrid Sport AWD
$49,957
New 2026 Honda Pilot Touring 8-Passenger
$82,292
New 2027 INFINITI QX80 Luxe
$52,822
New 2026 Acura RDX Advance Package -





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Galactic Aqua Mica
- Int. color
- Ash
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 34-30
- Fuel type
- Hybrid
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 2.5L I-4 DOHC, VVT-i variable valve control, regular gasoline, e
- Stock #
- T62708A
- VIN
- JTMDJREV8HD108202
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Heated Seats
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Entertainment
- Bluetooth®
- HomeLink
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Roof Rack
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- LED Headlights
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
Dealer
Oxmoor ToyotaReviews
Oxmoor Toyota review
I was immediately met upon my arrival and directed to a sales rep who worked through what I was seeking without delays or needs to consult with someone else.
2017 Toyota RAV4 Hybrid review
Fantastic car for the masses. It has comfy seats, decent ground clearance and all-weather traction, solid acceleration, lots of cargo space, consistently good MPG, comfort and reliability.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Sil
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 28-34
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 1.5L I-4 direct injection, DOHC, variable valve control, interco
- Stock #
- U34637
- VIN
- 5J6RW1H59NA004667
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Heated Seats
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- USB Port
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Moonroof
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
Dealer
Oxmoor ToyotaReviews
2022 Honda CR-V review
Have had Hondas in the past they are a very reliable car. They are worth the money and last for a long time. Trustworthy best describes my Honda.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- White Platinum Clearcoat Metallic
- Int. color
- Ebony
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 21-26
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 2.0L Turbocharged
- Stock #
- C130630B
- VIN
- 2LMPJ6L97KBL10303
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- CD Player
- HomeLink
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Memory Seat
Dealer
Lexus of LouisvilleReviews
2019 Lincoln Nautilus review
The smoothest ride! The best for a little family. Went on a road trip and was insanely comfortable. Very spacious and good on gas. Highly recommend
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Vapor Blue Metallic
- Int. color
- Ebony
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 26-32
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- EcoBoost 1.5L I-3 port/direct injection, DOHC, Ti-VCT variable v
- Stock #
- 250009
- VIN
- 1FMCU9GN8SUB65972
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- LED Headlights
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
Dealer
James Collins FordReviews
James Collins Ford review
Bought a new eco boost mustang from James Collins ford today. I could not be more impress with my salesman Jason which went beyond his job to get me my deal. Thanks to management for working with him and I highly recommend this dealer.
2025 Ford Escape review
Overall the car is great. I bought the trailer towing model and the towing features work seamlessly with my light trailer. It has the power to easily pull the 2000 pound trailer I use. There are a couple fit and finish issues where the hood doesn't quite line up with the fender, but I am fussy about these things and other people might not even notice. I have the larger infotainment screen which has some positives. But almost all the controls go through the screen and my eyesight isn't the best so it is difficult to make selections while the vehicle is in motion. Also, the learning curve is rather steep and the paper owners manual is not much help. The A/C controls are all on the screen and hard to change while in motion.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Red Metallic
- Int. color
- Ebony
- Drivetrain
- Four-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 20-27
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 10-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 2.3L EcoBoost I-4
- Stock #
- 1658P
- VIN
- 1FMSK8DH7PGB30310
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Roof Rack
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Third Row Seating
Dealer
Jim ONeal FordReviews
Jim ONeal Ford review
We have been buying cars from Jim O'Neal for over a decade now. It's nice to go to a dealership where you're treated extremely well, there's no pressure and they do what they say they're going to do. Zach was our salesman and he did a great job, we'll be coming back for many years to come.
2023 Ford Explorer review
I have a 2023 Ford Explorer Platinum, and I purchased it 7 months ago; this vehicle looks brand new and it is extremely comfortable, stylish, and reliable. I am so glad I purchased this vehicle. I will be sure to remain on top of the recommended maintenance schedule through authorized Ford Service Departments. Make sure you use a sun blocker to keep direct sunlight off of your dashboard when parked, which in some extreme cases, can make the leather warp or buckle; this is not just associated with Ford, but all automobile manufacturers that have real leather dashboards ~ especially when in super warm climates.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- White
- Int. color
- GRAY
- Drivetrain
- Four-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 27-31
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Turbo Gas
- Stock #
- 70291483
- VIN
- 7FARS4H41TE002298
Features
- Convenience
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Moonroof
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Lane Departure Warning
Dealer
CarMax LouisvilleReviews
CarMax Louisville review
From the 1st phone call to the moment we drove our "new" car off the lot, James was friendly and made the car-buying process enjoyable. We never felt pressured, and they were very upfront about every detail. James even went above-and-beyond by helping us return the rental car we were in. Do yourself a favor and start your search @ CarMax!
2026 Honda CR-V review
It is a great ride and the features are amazing It was very affordable . The color is great also very roomy and stylish I would recommend it to anyone looking for a crv
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Black
- Int. color
- Black/Mojave Beige
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 19-25
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 2L I-4 direct injection, DOHC, variable valve control, intercool
- Stock #
- P60233S
- VIN
- WP1AA2A57TLB07989
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Cooled Seats
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- HomeLink
- Premium Sound System
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Tow Hitch
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- LED Headlights
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
Dealer
Porsche LouisvilleReviews
Porsche Louisville review
Knowledgeable and responsive Service Advisors. They explained the scheduled maintenance and reviewed the service records to if any other work needed to be done while the Macan was there. If not done, this info allowed me to schedule it later.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Crystal White Pearl
- Int. color
- Gray
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 26-32
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 2.5L H-4 DOHC, variable valve control, regular gasoline, engine
- Stock #
- U34723
- VIN
- JF2SJAGC1JH507277
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Heated Seats
- Keyless Entry
- Entertainment
- Bluetooth®
- CD Player
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
Dealer
Oxmoor ToyotaReviews
Oxmoor Toyota review
Was in and out. Trey Fant helped me from the second I hopped out of my trade in at 6pm. Got home for dinner in time.
2018 Subaru Forester review
Great value considering the superior safety features, low maintenance and reliability. Rear wheel bearings have been replaced twice and just had the AC compressor and serpentine belt replaced. Albeit expensive repairs, all cars need something after the first 3 years. It's been 8 years and the car still run and drives like new.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Gray Metallic
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Unknown
- MPG
- 21-28
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 9-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- I4
- Stock #
- C085287A
- VIN
- W1N0G8EBXMV324174
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Power Liftgate
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- HomeLink
- Premium Sound System
- Satellite Radio
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Roof Rack
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Memory Seat
Dealer
Lexus of LouisvilleReviews
2021 Mercedes-Benz GLC 300 review
Shout out to Genesis for helping us get our dream car , she was very honest , helpful , charismatic ! Anyone will like to buy a Car from her , and she did every single think to make sure my car was clean and in good condition . Also I love my car very comfortable.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Opal White Pearl Effect
- Int. color
- Shetland Beige Leather
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 18-25
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 2.0L I4 16V GDI DOHC Turbo
- Stock #
- P24204
- VIN
- 1V2BR2CA8SC558158
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Tow Hitch
- Safety
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- LED Headlights
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
- Third Row Seating
Dealer
Bachman VolkswagenReviews
Bachman Volkswagen review
Fantastic car buying experience with Carter Hancock and the Bachman Automotive Team. From keeping us posted on availability of vehicle, having vehicle ready for test drive, carfax already printed out and straight forward negotiation. Carter is a wonderful person who is both knowledgeable about Volkswagen and adds a nice personal touch to the whole experience. This is now our 3rd car we’ve bought from Bachman with Carter as our salesperson. If we ever need a 4th - no doubt where I’m going. Thank you Carter and Bachman team.
2025 Volkswagen Atlas review
The thing I appreciate most about the Atlas is the room and comfort. It has plenty of power and rides very smooth. The only thing I don't care for is the AC controls being on the infotainment screen. I do like how it looks overall.
-





$29,812
Est. $539/mo Volkswagen of Clarksville
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Platinum Gray Metallic
- Int. color
- Titan Black
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 19-26
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic
- Engine
- 2.0L TSI
- Stock #
- M098403A
- VIN
- 1V2LR2CA5RC583839
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Third Row Seating
Dealer
Volkswagen of ClarksvilleReviews
Volkswagen of Clarksville review
Dayton was awesome!!! Very attentive without being pushy or overbearing. Really appreciate his customer service! The finance department was extremely professional and helpful. Great car buying experience!!
2024 Volkswagen Atlas review
Traded my 23 Atlas SE Technology V6 for the 24 SEL R-Line premium. This SUV is fantastic, a great value, reliable and the performance of the turbo 4 engine is excellent and most impressive. I've driven Volkswagen's for years and this one hasn't disappointed. Advice to Volkswagen, bring back the TDI!
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Chromite Black Metallic
- Int. color
- Black/Limestone Beige
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Electric
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Electric
- Stock #
- 26P308
- VIN
- WP1AA2X10TD000102
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Bluetooth®
- HomeLink
- Premium Sound System
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
Dealer
Porsche LouisvilleReviews
Porsche Louisville review
From the sweet lady who picked up my car to the service manager I was treated very professionally and efficiently! Definitely great service by great people!
2026 Porsche Cayenne review
Beautiful car -wanted a luxury vehicle that would withstand everyday driving. Very well made and checked all the boxes. Spoke to all the German repair mechanics I could and they all said if you buy German buy Porsche. Not cheap tho
-





$26,998
Est. $488/mo CarMax Louisville
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- White
- Int. color
- BLACK
- Drivetrain
- Four-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 24-30
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Gas
- Stock #
- 28607793
- VIN
- JM3KFBEM2P0143631
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- HomeLink
- Premium Sound System
- Satellite Radio
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
Dealer
CarMax LouisvilleReviews
CarMax Louisville review
Great experience with both cars purchased. Great warranty too!
2023 Mazda CX-5 review
Best for handling, silky smooth and very refined. Great interior. Bullet proof reliability. Looks great. Mazda is now number one or safety. Surpassed Volvo. A very safe SUV for driving.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Platinum Gray Metallic
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 23-30
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 2.0L I4 16V GDI DOHC Turbo
- Stock #
- 261408A
- VIN
- 3VV3B7AX6PM136850
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Heated Seats
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- LED Headlights
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Third Row Seating
Dealer
Bachman VolkswagenReviews
Bachman Volkswagen review
I’m from Indianapolis but while spending a weekend in Louisville, I had an issue with my Volkswagen golf. I had it towed to Bachman on Sunday, leaving an explanation of what had occurred. I received a response early Monday morning and continued to receive updates on the progress of the service required. Issue was corrected quickly and I was able to pick up my car a day later. Very pleased with the professionalism and courtesy and efficient work of their service department. When car shopping in the future, and based on this positive experience with their service department, I would feel comfortable purchasing a vehicle from them.
2023 Volkswagen Tiguan review
I absolutely love this car and all it’s features even though it doesn’t open and close trunk via keyphobe. Kids love the car especially the panoramic sunroof.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Nightfall Mica
- Int. color
- Parchment
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 19-26
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.5L V6 DOHC VVT-i 24V
- Stock #
- C157409A
- VIN
- 2T2BZMCA2KC168480
Features
- Convenience
- Cooled Seats
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Entertainment
- Bluetooth®
- CD Player
- DVD Player
- HomeLink
- Satellite Radio
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
Dealer
Lexus of LouisvilleReviews
Lexus of Louisville review
Our experience yesterday in purchasing a gently used (mileage was 9000) 2021 Lexus RX350 was AMAZING! Our salesman, Bill Marshall, was so knowledgeable about the features of the car and was happy to answer any and all questions. He conducted the entire transaction in a manner that could not have gone more smoothly. The business manager, Jeani Britton, exhibited the same high quality of experience! She was awesome, as well. It was probably the best car-buying experience we have ever had. I highly recommend this dealership and the two people instrumental in helping us achieve our goal yesterday, Bill and Jeani.
2019 Lexus RX 350 review
This is my second RX and I’m so happy with the first, I need to get one again. The size is right for a woman, not to high nor low. Perfect for young and the old. I would have opted for the 2021 model if I’m not retired. The salesperson gave us a great deal we can’t refuse. This car will definitely take me to many places in style, comfort and value.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Red
- Int. color
- BLACK
- Drivetrain
- Rear-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 29-36
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- Turbo Gas
- Stock #
- 29174313
- VIN
- JN8BT3DC9SW381051
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- HomeLink
- Premium Sound System
- Satellite Radio
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Roof Rack
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Lane Departure Warning
- Seating
- Leather Seats
Dealer
CarMax LouisvilleReviews
CarMax Louisville review
Doren was very easy to work with and knowledgeable about the vehicles. He was very professional. No sales pressure. Did not buy yet. Hopefully what I'm looking for will come in soon.
2025 Nissan Rogue review
This my 4th Nissan Rogue, and it's the only car I'll buy. I have NEVER had any problems with it, or any that I have owned. I have taken trips across country with it, with great gas mileage and comfortable to drive. It handles well, has plenty of get up and go, easy on the wallet, and very reliable.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Black Diamond
- Int. color
- Light Gray
- Drivetrain
- Four-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 24-30
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic CVT
- Engine
- 2.5L I4 16V GDI DOHC
- Stock #
- F16829
- VIN
- JA4J4VA88PZ010740
Features
- Convenience
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Bluetooth®
- Satellite Radio
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- LED Headlights
- Lane Departure Warning
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
- Third Row Seating
Dealer
Oxmoor FordReviews
2023 Mitsubishi Outlander review
2023 Mitsubishi Outlander SEL BLACK EDITION. I bought mines brand new on Nov 2022. So far it had a recall for firmware update. As of now. Almost 15 k miles and no issues. I love all the features and was told ot doesn't have the issues its predecessor had. Mitsubishi invested millions in the 2023 models so hopefully I can get 200k or more miles out of it.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- White Pearl
- Int. color
- Birch
- Drivetrain
- Front-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 20-27
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- 8-Speed Automatic
- Engine
- 3.5L V6 DOHC 24V
- Stock #
- C167621A
- VIN
- 2T2AZMAA5LC152774
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Seats
- Keyless Entry
- Power Liftgate
- Entertainment
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- CD Player
- HomeLink
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Stability Control
Dealer
Lexus of LouisvilleReviews
2020 Lexus RX 350 review
The interior is spacious with all the amenities found in other mid-size luxury SUVs. When the windows are all up, it is very quiet. The engine and transmission are very smooth, quiet and powerful. The exterior design is elegant. The braking system is responsive and does not require too much force to adjust the braking distance. Overall, this is an excellent mid-size SUV.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Labrador Black Pearl
- Int. color
- Black
- Drivetrain
- Four-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 23-29
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 2L I-4 DOHC, MIVEC variable valve control, regular gasoline, eng
- Stock #
- U34573
- VIN
- JA4ARUAU4SU007218
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Seats
- Keyless Entry
- Navigation System
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- USB Port
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Brake Assist
- LED Headlights
- Lane Departure Warning
- Stability Control
Dealer
Oxmoor ToyotaReviews
Oxmoor Toyota review
Tre was a phenomenal salesman. Not only did he help me get the best deal possible but he came in on his off day to make it happen for me. He made the process as smooth as possible. I wish I would have done business with Toyota Oxmoor sooner!
-





$60,376
Est. $1,091/mo Mercedes-Benz of Hoffman Estates
Check Availability Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Cirrus Silver Metallic
- Int. color
- Macchiato/Black
- Drivetrain
- All-wheel Drive
- Fuel type
- Hybrid
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 2L I-4 direct injection, DOHC, variable valve control, intercool
- Stock #
- BB7351
- VIN
- 4JGFB4GB2RB240845
Features
- Convenience
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- Navigation System
- Power Liftgate
- Remote Start
- Entertainment
- Android Auto®
- Apple CarPlay®
- Bluetooth®
- HomeLink
- Premium Sound System
- Satellite Radio
- USB Port
- WiFi Hotspot
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Roof Rack
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Backup Camera
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Brake Assist
- LED Headlights
- Lane Departure Warning
- Rain Sensing Wipers
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
Dealer
Mercedes-Benz of Hoffman EstatesReviews
Mercedes-Benz of Hoffman Estates review
Jamie was great to work We had a less than great experience at a different Mercedes dealership after contacting Hoffman Estates he stepped up and found us the vehicle that we wanted and had it at the dealership in less than a week The rest of the team was just as great as well They made purchasing our first Mercedes the awesome experience it should be Thanks again to everyone at Hoffman Estates especially Jamie We will definitely return Thanks again Darin and Kay
2024 Mercedes-Benz GLE 450 Plug-In Hybrid review
One of the best Mercedes-Benz’s I’ve owned. It’s like having 3 cars in one. An electric, a gas and a hybrid. The fit and finish of a Mercedes-Benz is outstanding.
-





Vehicle Information
- Ext. color
- Dark Green
- Int. color
- Beige
- Drivetrain
- Four-wheel Drive
- MPG
- 14-17
- Fuel type
- Gasoline
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Engine
- 4.4L V-8 DOHC, variable valve control, premium gasoline, engine
- Stock #
- 11727
- VIN
- SALAF25455A336277
Features
- Convenience
- Keyless Entry
- Navigation System
- Entertainment
- CD Player
- HomeLink
- Premium Sound System
- Exterior
- Alloy Wheels
- Roof Rack
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Tow Hitch
- Safety
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Brake Assist
- Lane Departure Warning
- Stability Control
- Seating
- Leather Seats
- Memory Seat
- Third Row Seating
Dealer
AG AutohausReviews
AG Autohaus review
I had a great experience at AG Autohouse from start to finish. The staff was friendly, knowledgeable, and never pushy. They made the whole process smooth and stressless, answered all my questions, and helped me find exactly what Audi I was looking for. Highly recommend to anyone looking for a hassle free car buying experience!
2005 Land Rover LR3 review
After 21 years and 128,000 miles my LR3 SE is as capable and as comfortable as it was new--from rock crawling around Moab to a long road trip. Regular servicing has played a role--repairs have been minimal and everything works as it should. MPG is in the low range, although on secondary roads at 55-65 mph 20-22 is usual, with 18-20 at interstate speeds. I'm fortunate not to do typical city driving where mileage would be discouraging. All interior controls are intuitive-- a knob is a knob and a switch is a switch, with no levels to navigate to change something as simple as the AC fan speed. The lack of cameras and sensor beeps encourages driver awareness, in my view a greater asset than built-in robotics that tend to reduce alertness.